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What It Will Really Take to Electrify All of Africa

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IEEE Spectrum

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Researchers at EPFL in Switzerland have developed a nanoscale device that generates continuous electricity from evaporating water, aided by heat and sunlight. This technology, known as a hydrovoltaic device, can work with ordinary ion-containing water like tap water or seawater. The device consists of three layers that harness evaporation, heat, and sunlight to produce stable electrical output. While the power output is small compared to commercial solar panels, the device shows promise for battery-free sensors, wearable electronics, and IoT devices in environments with natural water, warmth, and sunlight. The design allows for independent optimization of each stage and potential scalability in the future.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining traction in Africa, with countries like Ethiopia implementing pro-EV policies such as banning non-electric private vehicles and investing in hydropower for clean electricity. Rwanda has also banned new gas-powered motorbike registrations, encouraging the adoption of EVs. Local assembly of electric two-wheelers is increasing in countries like Morocco, Kenya, and Rwanda, with companies like Spiro expanding operations in Africa. Chinese companies are investing in the African EV market, with Gotion High-Tech building Africa's first battery gigafactory and BYD planning to expand across South Africa. The affordability and quality of EVs from China are seen as a game changer for Africa's transportation sector.

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